Program Notes

Guest speakers: Terence McKenna, Ralph Abraham, and Rupert Sheldrake

(Minutes : Seconds into program)

05:25 Rupert Sheldrake describes how one could go about creating a “consumer’s report” for odd-ball theories.

MarcoKs-evolve.jpg

06:23Terence McKenna:“Ninety-five percent of the scientists who have rejected astrology cannot cast a natal horoscope, and that the ability to actually cast a horoscope never seemed to be required of these high-toned scientific critics of astrology. It was something they felt perfectly free to dismiss without understanding.”

07:26 Ralph Abraham: “Well, the hypothesis of causative formation, of course, favors deeper fluff… . The thing about astrology is that people say it works. An argument could be made that even though the Zodiacal reference frame that it is based on no longer has any basis in the sky that it works because people believe in it, and because it is in the N-field, and that because it’s deeper fluff, basically.”

08:27 Ralph: “I think it could be that scientific research, done according to the best principles, has a greater weight in impressing itself upon the morphogenic field.”

12:53 Rupert: “This internalization of the use of blind techniques has, in fact, gone farthest in parapsychology, where 85% of experiments are double blind in recent journals. In medicine and psychology where everyone pays lip service to blind techniques, in practice the number of blind papers, or double blind, is in the region of six to seven percent of all published papers in the top journals.”

17:09 Terence: “Well, speculation and skepticism begin to sound like novelty and habit. So maybe these things are just counter-flows in the intellectual life of the culture that redress each other. And though we do have certain long-running forms of fuzz, it does tend to correct itself over time.”

19:47 Rupert: “The fact is that in the mainstream of our culture skepticism reigns supreme.”

22:27 Terence:“New kinds of people are making their voices heard, people from outside the male patriarchal, usual membership in the club.”

25:34 Rupert: “In most walks of life skepticism is normal. We expect it in politics, courts of law, etc.”

27:30 Rupert: “[Science] is the only universal system which is not open to the normal processes of challenge from competing points of view, having to justify itself in terms of evidence.”

Also mentioned in this podcast
Cross-cultural Medical Ethnobotany by Nat Bletter
The Ayahuasca Monologues
with Jonathan Philips, Jamye Waxman, Bill Kennedy, Daniel Pinchbeck, and Nat Bletter

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Transcript

00:00:00

Greetings from cyberdelic space.

00:00:20

This is Lorenzo, and I’m your host here in the psychedelic salon.

00:00:25

So, here we are back together again without a week in between.

00:00:29

I have to admit that if it wasn’t for this new book I’m working on, I’d be putting out two or three podcasts each week.

00:00:36

I’ve got, I guess, over a hundred hours of material that’s already been recorded and my list of people I plan on interviewing keeps growing each week.

00:00:50

I guess that’s just a long-winded way of saying that it’s nice to be back here with you again.

00:00:56

Now, as promised in the last program, I’m going to play the remaining 30 minutes of a trialogue between Terrence McKenna, Ralph Abraham, and Rupert Sheldrake that they held

00:01:02

in Santa Cruz, California in June of 1998.

00:01:07

And their topic, as you’ll recall, is skepticism and the balkanization of epistemology.

00:01:15

And when we left our merry trial loggers in the last podcast, I think Terrence had just

00:01:20

said something like, something is making the conversation difficult.

00:01:24

And that’s where I had to cut it off. It just said something like, something is making the conversation difficult.

00:01:26

And that’s where I had to cut it off.

00:01:34

Well, as you’ll soon hear, it didn’t take them long to go on from difficult to uproarious laughter.

00:01:36

So let’s listen.

00:01:45

Question authority, that’s the question. Something that is making the conversation difficult,

00:01:49

and it has to do with propositions such as vitamin C is good for you,

00:01:52

may or may not be true,

00:01:55

and people of good faith may differ,

00:01:58

but when someone says

00:01:59

people were cloned in vats 12,000 years ago

00:02:04

and placed here by the denizens of an invisible 12th planet,

00:02:09

that’s a different kind of proposition than that vitamin C is.

00:02:13

I agree with you. I think you have a good point there.

00:02:16

Yes, but I believe in this area of diversity and free market approach is fine.

00:02:22

I think what I do to the people who have that belief

00:02:25

is in so far as I had

00:02:28

funds and had any research responsibilities

00:02:30

and so on in that area

00:02:32

I’d commission a review by somebody

00:02:34

based in Santa Cruz

00:02:35

whose first thing

00:02:38

would be to leaf through the

00:02:39

common ground catalogue

00:02:42

and just look at what’s

00:02:44

available of theories of where we came from there’s hundreds of them in ground catalogue and just look at what’s available of theories of where we came from

00:02:47

there’s hundreds of them in that catalogue

00:02:49

the index of advertisers runs over pages

00:02:52

let’s start right there

00:02:54

and then do a review article

00:02:55

with all these different theories classified

00:02:58

a kind of taxonomy of crank theories

00:03:00

in a given field

00:03:01

then you’d have a sort of summary at the end and you could have sort of audience ratings within this class of

00:03:08

theories this is sort of a National Non-Science Foundation yes and it’s

00:03:14

called speculation I was told well I think it’s a huge field and it’s in speculation have all books been created yet

00:03:26

somehow

00:03:27

take your work with angels

00:03:30

for example

00:03:32

I was shocked

00:03:38

shocked

00:03:39

now we’re getting personal

00:03:40

yes well there you are you see I think a lot of my enterprises would fall

00:03:49

foul if you had editorial control I think I’d rather quail at the thought of sending

00:03:55

them to your editorial desk because I’m not sure your judgment would be so capricious

00:04:01

I’d never know quite what mood you were in whether or not my work on angels

00:04:05

would get me in prematur or not

00:04:08

well the dust might be sent

00:04:09

but unfortunately our press is

00:04:11

it’s deeper fluff

00:04:13

it’s deeper fluff

00:04:15

perhaps more pernicious

00:04:16

well Zechariah Sitchin

00:04:23

at least made a claim for deeper fluff

00:04:26

in his translation

00:04:27

in his apparently

00:04:29

learning, gaining the ability

00:04:32

to translate the

00:04:35

Shumerian cuneiform writings

00:04:37

and give us fresh translations

00:04:40

and interpretations of old texts

00:04:42

and so on

00:04:42

he was at least making a claim for deep fluff

00:04:44

and you’re denying him that claim.

00:04:47

So even there, it’s hard to locate a given exemplar

00:04:50

in the two-dimensional scale of fluff that we’ve agreed.

00:04:53

Well, but his cosmology calls for a 12th planet.

00:04:58

Where is it?

00:05:00

There’s a site on the Internet

00:05:02

that claims that every 100 inch or more

00:05:06

telescope on earth is under

00:05:08

the control of a worldwide

00:05:10

conspiracy

00:05:11

that does not want you

00:05:14

to know that this 12th planet

00:05:16

is clearly visible

00:05:18

now that’s where I

00:05:20

blow the whistle

00:05:21

you don’t need to do that, we just need to

00:05:24

sophisticate, we need an existing mechanism to extend it.

00:05:27

A consumer’s report on speculation books.

00:05:32

And in this consumer’s report,

00:05:34

it would be like consumer’s reports on washing machines and so on.

00:05:38

You’d have this theory here,

00:05:39

and then you’d have a series of columns that said,

00:05:42

any improbable requirement.

00:05:44

And then you’d have, requires 12th planet. In this column, there’d be a series of columns that said any improbable requirement and then you’d have requires 12th planet in this column

00:05:47

and then it would say the next column evidence for special requirement

00:05:55

and then some are smaller and then it would say none known and so on.

00:06:02

I think that’s marvellous and you could do the Zetitic

00:06:05

and Microsoft

00:06:07

not with concentrate on the new age

00:06:10

exclusively

00:06:11

all of these institutions

00:06:13

are extraordinarily improbable

00:06:15

you know Paul Firearm in a wonderful

00:06:18

essay in his book

00:06:19

Against Method points out

00:06:21

that 95% of

00:06:23

the scientists who have rejected astrology

00:06:27

cannot cast a natal horoscope and that the ability to actually cast a

00:06:33

horoscope never seemed to be required of these high tone scientific critics of

00:06:39

astrology it was something they felt perfectly free to dismiss without

00:06:44

understanding quite but you see this would be the same there has to be this it was something they felt perfectly free to dismiss without understanding

00:06:46

quite but you see this would be the same

00:06:48

there has to be this dismissal level that we all operate

00:06:52

where there are certain things we pay attention to and certain ones we don’t

00:06:56

in my case you know I include UFO

00:06:59

I don’t include UFOs I include telepathy and so forth

00:07:03

when it gets to UFOs weird extraterrestrial chariots,

00:07:07

conspiracy theories, the CIA, I turn off.

00:07:10

I mean, there may be UFOs,

00:07:11

but it’s not something I take any interest in, really.

00:07:16

Although I meet many people who tell me I should.

00:07:18

So I think we all have our own criteria here,

00:07:20

and opinions vary, times change, and so on.

00:07:24

Well, the hypothesis of causative

00:07:26

formation of course favors deeper fluff deeper fluff for example astrology which

00:07:33

I think is very interesting I think it’s quite valid to reject it on scientific

00:07:38

grounds without being personally able to cast a horoscope anyway you can consult

00:07:42

the world wide web and get a horoscope from any date and place.

00:07:46

So the thing about astrology is

00:07:49

people say it works,

00:07:51

and an argument could be made

00:07:53

that even though the zodiacal reference frame

00:07:58

that it’s based on

00:07:59

has no longer any basis in the sky,

00:08:01

that it works because people believe in it,

00:08:03

because it’s in the M field, because it’s deeper fluff basically homeopathy

00:08:09

could be an example of a genetic field nothing but belief that very recent

00:08:18

started very recently it must have built up this field very rapidly because for a

00:08:23

short time they did extensive research

00:08:25

and I think it could be that scientific research

00:08:27

done according to the best principles

00:08:29

has

00:08:31

a greater weight

00:08:34

in impressing itself

00:08:35

on the morphogenetic field

00:08:37

the racial memory

00:08:39

this is actually a radical

00:08:41

form of relativism

00:08:43

because what you’re saying is,

00:08:45

if enough people believed in the Urantia book,

00:08:48

it would be true.

00:08:49

Yes.

00:08:50

No.

00:08:51

Not.

00:08:52

Not true.

00:08:53

Work.

00:08:54

It would work.

00:08:55

Astrology works for people.

00:08:57

Okay, alchemy no longer works

00:09:00

because people stop believing in it.

00:09:02

Probably the real truth is that

00:09:04

astrology works for

00:09:05

the people it works for and the people

00:09:07

it doesn’t work for and never mention it

00:09:10

and have moved on to something else.

00:09:12

Well, there’s extensive research

00:09:14

in astrology

00:09:16

that passes all the

00:09:17

tests of statistical

00:09:20

significance and so on.

00:09:22

Well, there’s some, but I mean

00:09:23

the reason people believe in it in newspapers and magazines and astrologers and so on, there’s some but I mean the reason people believe in it in newspapers

00:09:26

and magazines and

00:09:27

astrologers and so on has nothing to do with that

00:09:29

evidence, they use it as a background

00:09:31

reinforcement

00:09:32

I wouldn’t call that astrology

00:09:35

no, well you see I think

00:09:37

that you could apply this approach

00:09:40

of this consumer

00:09:41

type evaluation approach to different

00:09:44

sciences too and you know my latest

00:09:47

thing in the skeptical inquire what I’m trying to do is extend the skepticism to the sciences

00:09:53

themselves and there’s very interesting paper in the current issue of the journal of the history

00:09:57

of medicine on the history of double-blind double blind techniques were invented by Benjamin Franklin

00:10:07

in Paris in about 1890

00:10:09

and they were investigated

00:10:11

Franklin was commissioned

00:10:14

by the king

00:10:16

Louis XVI

00:10:17

to head up a royal commission

00:10:19

to investigate the claims of

00:10:21

Anton Mesmer

00:10:22

and the whole of Paris was talking about Mesmerism the whole of Paris was talking about Mesmerism.

00:10:26

The whole of Europe was talking about Mesmerism,

00:10:29

animal magnetism, and so on.

00:10:31

And Franklin and the members of the Royal Commission

00:10:34

were firmly of the opinion that this was some kind of delusion,

00:10:39

that people believed in this,

00:10:40

but it might just be a product of their mind or their belief.

00:10:44

And so in order to test this they

00:10:45

developed blind methodologies

00:10:48

where people didn’t know who’d been treated

00:10:50

or who hadn’t

00:10:51

and their blind methodologies actually involved

00:10:54

blindfolds and that’s why they were called blind

00:10:56

they blindfolded people and then

00:10:58

they could still tell or detect

00:10:59

the animal magnetism

00:11:01

and often they couldn’t

00:11:03

so the blind techniques were then

00:11:06

later employed in the 19th century

00:11:08

they then became the standard

00:11:10

armamentarium of the skeptics

00:11:12

against these marginal phenomena

00:11:14

first applied to hypnotism and animal

00:11:15

magnetism, mesmerism

00:11:18

then they were implied

00:11:20

in the 19th century they were

00:11:21

applied against homeopathic

00:11:24

claims, people said it’s all just suggestion it’s all just their belief In the 19th century, they were applied against homeopathic claims.

00:11:26

People said it’s all just suggestion.

00:11:29

It’s all just their belief.

00:11:32

So to test that, already with this precedent,

00:11:34

they used blind techniques.

00:11:38

And some of them, I think, did turn out to be suggestion,

00:11:39

but some were not. And the homeopaths took seriously this criticism.

00:11:43

And they were the first group in the whole of scientific research

00:11:46

to internalize blind techniques by running their own blind trials.

00:11:51

They didn’t just have the skeptical attack, they internalized it.

00:11:54

This kind of debate went on in the earlier parts of this century

00:11:57

against a lot of medical cures and claims,

00:12:00

some of them apparently respectable,

00:12:01

the use of enzymes that would cure this or that.

00:12:08

And some of these were totally phony how did you turn it?

00:12:09

it wasn’t until after the second world war

00:12:11

that the standard randomized double blind clinical trial

00:12:14

became the norm in medical research

00:12:17

and it didn’t really become widespread until the 50s or 60s

00:12:22

so this is another case of blind techniques being internalised

00:12:26

within psychology at the beginning

00:12:28

of the century when they were studying

00:12:30

phenomena of the mind

00:12:32

known to be subject to distortion

00:12:34

blind techniques were used in psychology

00:12:36

they were used in parapsychology

00:12:38

in the 1880s

00:12:39

they had the same thing and they started

00:12:42

using them. The result of my

00:12:44

survey of blind techniques

00:12:46

published in Journal of Scientific Exploration

00:12:49

and summarised in the Skeptical Inquirer

00:12:52

shows that this internalisation of the use of blind techniques

00:12:56

has in fact gone furthest in past psychology.

00:12:58

85% of published experiments are double blind in recent journals.

00:13:03

In medicine and psychology,

00:13:05

where everyone pays lip service to the idea of blind techniques,

00:13:09

in practice, the number of blind papers, or double blind,

00:13:13

is in the region of 6-7% of all published papers in the top journals.

00:13:18

In British medical journals, it’s about 6%.

00:13:22

In the American ones, it’s higher.

00:13:24

I’ve just done a review of Annals

00:13:26

of Internal Medicine, the New England Journal

00:13:28

of Medicine and the

00:13:29

American Journal of Medicine where the

00:13:32

percentage of blind or double blind

00:13:33

is close to 20%.

00:13:35

But that still leaves 80%

00:13:38

of the papers not blind.

00:13:39

Now in biology the number of blind

00:13:42

papers out of over 900

00:13:44

reviewed is 0.7%.

00:13:46

In the physical sciences, chemistry, physics, inorganic and organic chemistry and physics,

00:13:53

the number of blind papers out of hundreds of papers reviewed is precisely 0%.

00:13:59

We then interviewed top professors in leading departments of the physics, chemistry, biology, molecular biology department at Cambridge and Oxford and other universities.

00:14:11

And there, most people in physics and chemistry departments neither use nor teach blind techniques.

00:14:17

They’re just not used. They’re not known.

00:14:20

In some physiology departments they do, in some they don’t.

00:14:23

In psychology departments, of course, they do,

00:14:25

in medical they teach them at least.

00:14:27

But at the most of science is totally innocent

00:14:30

of the idea of blind techniques,

00:14:32

the idea of scientific objectivity.

00:14:35

So biased, so unlevel is the scientific faith

00:14:39

on which modern science rests,

00:14:41

is that just because there are scientists in these areas,

00:14:43

they believe that by putting on a white coat they become completely objective not

00:14:48

subject to the biases that bias chemists that bias medical people patients

00:14:54

ordinary people observers of phenomena where everybody is their objective true

00:15:00

and so I think this is scientific investigation of this I suggest using

00:15:04

check checking out

00:15:05

flying techniques in the laboratory

00:15:07

do you get different results in a physics experiment

00:15:09

if you do it blind compared with doing it

00:15:11

under open conditions, actually do it

00:15:13

by experiment, does it happen

00:15:15

that’s so biased has been

00:15:17

this that there’s no scepticism being

00:15:19

extended to normal science itself

00:15:21

and in my consumer’s report on different

00:15:23

sciences I’d have a column,

00:15:25

Blind Awareness of Need for Blind Methodology,

00:15:29

Use of Blind Methodology,

00:15:31

Percentage of Papers Using Blind Methodology,

00:15:34

and then Physics and Chemistry,

00:15:35

the Awareness of the Possibility of Bias,

00:15:37

would have to be practically zero.

00:15:39

And probably in the new age as well,

00:15:42

they both could profit from this.

00:15:43

It would probably wipe out most of the things

00:15:46

I’m objecting to

00:15:48

well the popularity of the double blind

00:15:50

methodology in parapsychology

00:15:52

is obviously due to the

00:15:54

difficulty of convincing people

00:15:56

of the validity of the results

00:15:57

and in other words under the

00:16:00

special weight

00:16:02

of skepticism

00:16:03

that’s applied to the special weight of skepticism that’s applied to the special fringe of speculation.

00:16:09

So somehow there’s a fundamental dialectic

00:16:12

of the evolutionary mind

00:16:15

that has to do with the balance and interplay

00:16:18

between speculation and skepticism.

00:16:22

These are the two forces at work,

00:16:23

and we want them to both be healthy and

00:16:26

freely interplay, and then if a new

00:16:28

technique like double-blind experimental

00:16:30

work comes up,

00:16:32

then the

00:16:33

interplay of these forces will

00:16:36

guarantee that it’s used.

00:16:38

Maybe, Terence, that your

00:16:40

to summarize your case

00:16:42

against the New

00:16:43

Age fuzz

00:16:45

is that there seems to be an area in the evolving mind

00:16:51

where the speculation is not balanced

00:16:54

by an appropriate amount of skepticism.

00:16:57

You want to shine a flashlight of skeptical consideration

00:17:01

onto that area of unbalanced fuzz.

00:17:05

We’re interested in balanced fuzz here.

00:17:08

Well, speculation and skepticism begin to sound like novelty and habit.

00:17:17

So maybe these things are just counterflows in the intellectual life of the culture

00:17:23

that redress each other.

00:17:26

And though we do have certain long-running forms of fuzz,

00:17:31

it does tend to correct itself over time.

00:17:36

But we are seeing in the present historical moment

00:17:39

an incredible fragmentation, syncretic theorizing,

00:17:49

and a richness of ideological competition that is just perhaps slightly overripe,

00:17:54

but due shortly to self-correct.

00:17:59

Well, what I see is on the fringes

00:18:03

a whole lot of small cults, like in California, all

00:18:06

vying for space in Common Ground magazine, where you’ve got a huge competing market.

00:18:14

What’s keeping all those in check is competition.

00:18:16

I mean, if one cult does particularly well, it grows.

00:18:20

Others fade away if they don’t get enough supporters.

00:18:23

There’s a free market in these products,

00:18:26

and there’s a great deal of competition,

00:18:30

and people who believe in, what are they,

00:18:33

a pro bono proctologist from distant star systems may not believe in some of the existence of the 12th planet,

00:18:37

and are often, in fact, opposed to these other cults.

00:18:39

So there’s no uniformity.

00:18:41

There’s a free market, in fact, a rabble,

00:18:43

a clamour of competing claims.

00:18:46

That’s on the fringes.

00:18:48

The main ground is occupied by a kind of Stalinist central control

00:18:54

of all government funding and official silence,

00:18:57

which excludes this stuff.

00:18:59

I think that, as I suggested before,

00:19:01

a real free market approach opening up,

00:19:07

getting rid of this monopolistic control control which forces people out onto the margins

00:19:09

would allow a more informed debate.

00:19:12

And I think there’s plenty of scepticism around it.

00:19:14

The fact that these crazy California and Hawaiian cults

00:19:18

are not reported daily in the New York Times

00:19:20

is because the people who run the New York Times are sceptical.

00:19:24

And a lot of the gatekeepers of the major organs of our culture are extremely skeptical, and I would say in

00:19:29

some cases excessively skeptical of these things. It’s not just the science community,

00:19:34

it’s the kind of hard-nosed New York Times editor community too. And in Britain, most

00:19:38

of our newspapers have that, not quite as hard-nosed, and they’re slightly better at,

00:19:43

I think, allowing the unusual in

00:19:45

but the fact is that

00:19:47

in the mainstream of our culture

00:19:49

scepticism reigns supreme

00:19:51

and these things are

00:19:52

actually forced to the geographical

00:19:55

fringes like California

00:19:57

and Hawaii

00:19:58

and you happen to live in that ecosystem

00:20:01

of competing cults etc

00:20:03

I live more in the world where skepticism is the dominant paradigm.

00:20:08

So there’s a kind of bloom of superficial fluff now

00:20:13

is merely a symptom of the rigidity of this monopolistic control system.

00:20:19

Well, I think it means that it’s forced into this kind of fringe loony community.

00:20:23

If these things were able to compete in the open marketplace much more,

00:20:28

I had ordinary scepticism, common sense.

00:20:30

Common sense I take not just to be our own individual common sense,

00:20:34

but a sense held in common.

00:20:36

In other words, a kind of common, a consensus view

00:20:39

of what makes sense and what doesn’t.

00:20:41

And this changes with time.

00:20:42

And it’s hard to document because common sense fluctuates

00:20:46

with subgroups and subcultures with different common sense.

00:20:50

But this is what’s actually the opinion that peer review committees

00:20:53

are designed to constitute within that subculture.

00:20:57

That’s the common sense.

00:20:59

This is worth funding and that’s rubbish.

00:21:02

So it’s the evolution of common sense,

00:21:04

and I think that would be influenced by these

00:21:06

players of habit which common sense

00:21:08

is generally conservative

00:21:10

and novelty

00:21:11

and we’ve got that going on all the time

00:21:14

and I don’t think that much of what

00:21:16

we do or say about what ought or

00:21:18

not to happen or propose criteria

00:21:20

by which we have a fantasy

00:21:22

of ourselves as editors

00:21:24

I think we’ve got to wrap here on fluff honestly those criteria by which we have a fantasy of ourselves as editors of science fiction.

00:21:25

I think we’ve got to wrap here on fluff, honestly.

00:21:29

I think we’ve completed a more or less Fluckian model

00:21:31

for a bloom of fluff at this time.

00:21:36

I’m not sure there is a bloom of fluff,

00:21:38

because there’s always been, like in Norman Cormes’ book on millenarianism,

00:21:43

you read all these lunatic cults over centuries

00:21:47

with Emperor Jones and people killing themselves

00:21:50

and these gas people in Japan and so on.

00:21:55

I don’t know if the fringe is larger now than before percentage-wise.

00:22:01

I think the publishing industry would tell you that

00:22:05

it’s an incredible

00:22:07

bubble fluff

00:22:09

at the moment

00:22:10

a bubble in the popularity

00:22:13

of fluff

00:22:14

and that could have to do

00:22:17

with the loss of public

00:22:19

faith in science

00:22:21

and public faith in traditional religion

00:22:23

which is the other ingredient in the rise of class.

00:22:27

Yes.

00:22:27

New kinds of people are making their voices heard.

00:22:32

People from outside the male patriarchal usual membership in the club,

00:22:42

and so they bring different value systems

00:22:45

and different notions of what constitutes truth and insight.

00:22:49

People from outside Western cultures and, dare we say it,

00:22:57

members.

00:22:59

Members.

00:23:00

I mean, it’s not for nothing that the word mysticism

00:23:04

is occasionally paired with the word mysticism is occasionally

00:23:05

paired with the word menopausal never heard of that yes but I think in the

00:23:14

compete we’ve we’ve we’ve another five minutes as you like yeah we can always

00:23:19

edit I think in

00:23:26

I think that again the free competition is the end

00:23:28

because you have these different products

00:23:30

these different claims

00:23:32

and it is actually in the end

00:23:34

sorted out by market forces

00:23:36

the new age has a big publishing thing

00:23:37

traditionally with religions you had competition

00:23:40

between different sects

00:23:42

and if you have this thing you have

00:23:44

mutual criticism it’s been

00:23:46

impossible in Europe since the

00:23:48

reformation to believe

00:23:49

wholeheartedly the claims of the

00:23:52

Pope without question because

00:23:53

there’s a whole group of people whose entire

00:23:55

institutional structure, the Protestants, is

00:23:57

designed to question and reject them

00:23:59

and in almost every issue

00:24:02

of Christian doctrine

00:24:03

there’s a sect that affirms and another that disputes it.

00:24:07

So there’s a wide range of opinion,

00:24:09

as there is in Hinduism, many schools of thought,

00:24:11

Buddhism, different schools of thought.

00:24:13

But I’m a little surprised,

00:24:15

because you seem to be implying that here is yet another area

00:24:18

where the solution to all problems

00:24:20

is the practice of untrammeled capitalism

00:24:23

and the unleashing of

00:24:26

unrestrained market forces welcome to the new millennium well how different in

00:24:33

England where other the Church of England’s an established Church but

00:24:37

were Methodist Baptist congregations Presbyterians etc spiritualists

00:24:42

Unitarians as in America, I mean we exported

00:24:45

this diversity to the United States

00:24:48

it was founded in the midst of this

00:24:50

efflorescence of religious diversity

00:24:52

in England after the Reformation

00:24:54

the result of this was

00:24:56

that they did compete, not through

00:24:57

market forces in the normal sense

00:24:59

but they’re competing for followers

00:25:01

and if the Baptists grow at the expense of the

00:25:03

Congregationalists they become more powerful

00:25:05

but all of these have been based on a kind of competition

00:25:10

different claims and a kind of scepticism

00:25:12

because if it didn’t come from within that group or church or sect

00:25:16

it would come from other ones about them

00:25:18

and in politics you have this institutionalised

00:25:21

if you have two or more parties

00:25:23

their job is to be sceptical of the claims of the other

00:25:25

in law courts we have the adversarial system

00:25:29

where you have prosecution and defence

00:25:30

whose job it is to be sceptical of the other

00:25:32

in most walks of life scepticism is normal

00:25:35

we expect it in politics, courts of law etc

00:25:39

journalism

00:25:41

journalists are more influenced by politicians and courts of law

00:25:44

than they are by scientists or the new age

00:25:46

and there the general rule is

00:25:48

rules of evidence, here both sides

00:25:50

of the argument, that’s the norm

00:25:52

the human norm, it’s only in science

00:25:54

that anyone can imagine that

00:25:55

you could have a sort of total

00:25:58

pyramid, a hierarchical

00:26:00

system of truth, textbooks

00:26:02

or in schools or teaching the same stuff

00:26:04

the basic consensus view it’s like the church before the reformation. And I think that’s

00:26:09

the problem, that because of that we then have a fringe of sects and cults, like you

00:26:14

did around the edges, you know, this is the reformation model here, it’s quite a relevant

00:26:19

one. I think since the reformation there’s greater diversity has meant that no absolute claim by any church

00:26:25

is going to go unchallenged, even by other Christians.

00:26:29

And so scepticism and hearing different sides of the argument

00:26:33

have built into our social model about religion.

00:26:35

We know there are different religions on offer,

00:26:38

different brands of Christianity, in some sense in competition with each other.

00:26:42

And this is a much healthier situation than just having a single one

00:26:46

in science because there’s no

00:26:48

way of these sects

00:26:50

around the fringes ever achieving

00:26:52

recognition even if they were remarkably

00:26:54

successful, take years and years

00:26:56

and years before they’d ever get an NSF

00:26:58

grant, generations

00:26:59

I come

00:27:02

back to this idea of dissolving central

00:27:04

control, in your line the problem would be bad because you’re I come back to this idea of dissolving central control

00:27:05

in your line the problem

00:27:07

would be bad because you’re speaking in terms of

00:27:09

rejecting relativism

00:27:10

in favour of some kind of absolutism

00:27:13

which is the alternative

00:27:14

I think it’s still based on a kind of

00:27:16

bokeh model of some kind of central

00:27:18

control of science and thought

00:27:20

but the reality is that that

00:27:22

situation doesn’t exist today

00:27:24

it exists only in science

00:27:26

it’s the only relic of that old world view

00:27:29

it’s the only universal system

00:27:31

which is not

00:27:33

open to the normal processes

00:27:34

of challenge from

00:27:36

competing points of view

00:27:38

having to justify itself

00:27:40

in terms of evidence and so on

00:27:42

this is almost the definition of science

00:27:44

somehow that it’s to be an alternative to the diversity to justify itself in terms of evidence and so on. This is almost the definition of science somehow,

00:27:48

that it’s to be an alternative to the diversity that has been experienced in world cultural history

00:27:52

and the sphere of religion.

00:27:54

Very early on, people knew that in every town

00:27:58

they had different gods,

00:27:59

and that was expected because there was no

00:28:03

burden of the belief in monotheism,

00:28:08

and therefore religion, as far as theogony is concerned,

00:28:14

had multiplicity of gods and goddesses and principles and spirits and forces and angels and so on,

00:28:21

and this multiplicity was acceptable,

00:28:24

even though some people thought that gods were more powerful

00:28:26

than the gods of other ones.

00:28:28

They agree that we’ve got a lot of gods and probably there are other ones,

00:28:32

and so everything fit together in a context of diversity.

00:28:36

Well, early marketers brought the news

00:28:39

that gods weren’t saying the same things in every place. They didn’t say the same things.

00:28:45

And that launched skepticism.

00:28:47

Some said it would happen in 2012 and others in 2013.

00:28:53

But the fact is that science appealed to people who had lost faith in religion

00:28:58

because there was, I think now pretty well dashed hope,

00:29:03

that there could be a unique global planetary

00:29:07

system of thought in which it’s established the truth of everything relative to other

00:29:15

things. And that’s why it would be possible, many people would think it appropriate, that

00:29:22

there’s a monopolistic control of the funding of scientific research

00:29:25

because each thing is going to be supposedly

00:29:29

to reinforce, validate, and confirm everything else

00:29:33

because it’s the idea of scientific truth.

00:29:36

Now, I think the idea of a free market in science

00:29:39

would have to require giving up the idea

00:29:42

that there is some kind of absolute scientific truth

00:29:45

and that a given question would be settled either true or false

00:29:48

according to this universal canon.

00:29:51

And I don’t believe in this idea.

00:29:53

I think that’s why the free market in scientific research would be good.

00:29:58

However, I think that, Terence, your insistence on clear thinking represents a deep wish that there could be

00:30:08

some more or less universal body of truth

00:30:12

that we are expanding in the evolution of mind

00:30:15

by testing new speculations for fuzz

00:30:22

and saying eventually, after at least 30 or 40 years of research, there is or isn’t fuzz, and saying eventually after at least 30 or

00:30:26

40 years of research, there

00:30:28

is or isn’t fuzz. That is to say

00:30:30

it’s consistent with

00:30:32

a formal system of logic,

00:30:34

a kind of mathematical Aristotelian

00:30:36

system of

00:30:38

truth that is consistent

00:30:40

with the obvious provable

00:30:41

theorem, it’s true or it’s false,

00:30:44

and so on. and this is the I

00:30:46

think the kind of thinking which is now outdated and I hope which is it’d be

00:30:51

very nice if true but it’s simply not something that we can really expect in

00:30:57

any reasonable amount of time there are there are inconsistencies and furthermore we’re used to

00:31:05

accepting them

00:31:06

so

00:31:08

it could be

00:31:11

that if science was

00:31:13

liberalized in this way

00:31:14

and was released from the yoke of

00:31:17

Aristotelian logic

00:31:18

and proof and statistical

00:31:20

significance on the level of 100%

00:31:23

then it would become very much like religion where you would have groups like Thank you. the evolution of the mind. In the dead end road of a logical system,

00:32:07

belief in a consistency of a logical system is actually not consistent.

00:32:12

Wow, how is that for a big question?

00:32:16

Is the evolution of mind coming to a dead end?

00:32:20

And if you’re still hanging on,

00:32:22

wondering how the three of them answered that question,

00:32:24

well, so am I.

00:32:26

What happened after you heard Ralph pose that question is that none of them said a single word for 11 seconds.

00:32:33

And then they sort of let out a collective sigh and decided to stop the tape.

00:32:38

And if you were my age, you’d be able to remember the Saturday afternoon adventure movies that were continued from week to week,

00:32:46

and at the end of one show,

00:32:48

the hero would be swinging over a pit of crocodiles on a vine

00:32:51

that breaks just before the screen goes black

00:32:54

and a big to-be-continued sign appears

00:32:57

to the collective groans of several hundred kids.

00:33:01

Well, that’s how I felt when this discussion just ended.

00:33:08

My hope is that they’ll pick up on that question at the beginning of the next tape, but we won’t know until I

00:33:12

podcast it, and I’m not sure when that’s going to be.

00:33:15

Right now I’m planning on getting a couple more of last year’s Palenque Norte

00:33:20

talks from Burning Man podcast first, so until I

00:33:24

get those talks out, I’ll be waiting in suspense with you.

00:33:29

By the way, did you catch that part near the end where Rupert was talking about how skepticism works well in the marketplace of ideas in everyday life, but that in science it isn’t a balanced market because fringe ideas seldom have an opportunity to take root and

00:33:46

grow and that has obviously been true in his own case and now you can find hundreds perhaps

00:33:53

thousands of other instances where the scientific community as a whole rejects a radical new

00:33:59

hypothesis right out of hand without any investigation at all. But fortunately, the Internet is changing the new ideas marketplace a bit,

00:34:09

and so we now have public investigations of new technologies,

00:34:14

things like Zero Point Energy that the Irish company Steron, I think their name is,

00:34:21

has made available for public inspection by a widely diverse and quite large group of internationally recognized scientists.

00:34:29

Without the power of the Internet to communicate directly with potential researchers and investors,

00:34:36

a small company like that wouldn’t have a chance of creating a breakthrough of such magnitude.

00:34:41

Let’s hope their tech stands up to the test that’s now being given. Now, I guess I’d like

00:34:47

to go to the old email bag and pass along some information and ideas from some of our fellow

00:34:53

salonners. And the first one is from a good friend, the Dope Fiend, whose podcast you can pick up at

00:35:00

dopethiend.co.uk. In fact, Dope Theme is the founding father of the Cannabis Podcast Network,

00:35:08

which is home to a wide range of programs that you might be interested in.

00:35:12

In fact, just this morning I listened to KMO’s Psychonautica podcast for this week,

00:35:17

where he played an interview he did with Matt Palomary,

00:35:21

who you’ve heard here in the psychedelic salon a couple of times.

00:35:25

It was a great interview, in my humble opinion.

00:35:27

It doesn’t repeat anything from the interviews Mateo has done here in the Salon.

00:35:31

And as always, good job, KMO. Keep those podcasts coming.

00:35:37

Anyway, Dope Fiend writes,

00:35:40

I wanted to comment on something your listener James said to you in an email at the end of episode 88, continuing the conversation on first-time psychedelics.

00:35:51

While I agree that mushrooms, particularly the more friendly Mexican mushrooms, are probably a good starting point, I couldn’t disagree more on research chemicals.

00:36:01

Firstly, James seems to think that research chems are legal.

00:36:06

This is categorically not true. Research chems are chemicals which have not been granted any sort of legal status by the

00:36:12

FDA. The only way they would be legal is if the researcher had a special license to study them.

00:36:18

In fact, the law states that any chemical not approved by the FDA, even if you discovered it

00:36:23

yourself five minutes ago, is illegal.

00:36:25

What’s more, while mushrooms and other natural substances are known to have been used by people for hundreds of years,

00:36:32

there is no real recorded history of use with many research chems,

00:36:36

and so little knowledge of whether some people might have an adverse reaction to them.

00:36:41

The exception may be those chems explored by the Shulgens, but even these are

00:36:45

nowhere near as thoroughly tested and investigated as the natural psychedelics. As far as I see it,

00:36:52

anyone taking untested chemicals is not only breaking the law, but far more importantly,

00:36:58

is taking their life in their own hands. Therefore, I’d say they’re definitely not

00:37:03

the best place to start one’s psychedelic experimentation.

00:37:06

Good luck with everything, and I’ll see you in the salon.

00:37:10

Dope Fiend.

00:37:11

I want to thank Dope Fiend for clearing that up,

00:37:14

and I have to admit that it was a failure on my part to not mention that at the time.

00:37:19

Dope Fiend is correct in pointing out that this class of compounds, loosely called research chemicals,

00:37:45

while they may not be listed on any of the DEA schedules, Thank you. The War on Drugs, because there are a lot of other places and podcasts that focus on that issue. But as Dope Pain pointed out, it really is important to have your facts straight about

00:37:49

the legality of these substances. Basically, if a plant or chemical makes you feel good or opens

00:37:54

your mind to cosmic awareness, well, it’s probably illegal unless protected by a powerful lobby in

00:38:01

Washington. Even more important, as he points out, however, is the fact that while

00:38:06

there have been thousands of years of human use of these psychoactive plants, most of these chemicals

00:38:11

aren’t much older than a single human generation or so, which really isn’t much time to build up a

00:38:17

safe morphogenic field around them. The bottom line here is that Dope Dean and I agree that,

00:38:23

particularly for a first-time experience,

00:38:26

research chemicals are not the best choice.

00:38:29

Another email that I’d like to comment on is one that came from Marco, who joins us

00:38:34

in the salon from his home in the UK.

00:38:37

And after saying some very kind words about his enjoyment of these podcasts, he writes,

00:38:42

it was Chateau Hayuk who pointed me to the website in the first place,

00:38:46

so kudos to them for helping to spread the word.

00:38:49

Well, Marco, that’s really nice of you to let me know how you found us,

00:38:53

and I want to thank Jacques and the rest of Chateau Hayuk for making the connection.

00:38:58

And Marco also attached a picture of some art he created,

00:39:02

and I wrote back and asked if I could post it on our blog,

00:39:05

because I think that many of our fellow saloners will

00:39:07

resonate with it. And, of course,

00:39:10

he said yes. Otherwise,

00:39:12

I probably wouldn’t be

00:39:13

telling you all this, would I?

00:39:15

So, if you stop by the

00:39:17

program notes for this podcast, you’ll see

00:39:19

what I mean. And you can find

00:39:21

our program notes page just by

00:39:23

typing psychedelicsalon, all one word,

00:39:26

psychedelicsalon.org

00:39:28

in your browser’s address

00:39:29

box, and that’ll get you there.

00:39:32

So, thank you, Marco,

00:39:33

for sharing your art with us.

00:39:36

Another salonner turns out to be

00:39:37

someone I heard interviewed on KMO’s

00:39:40

Sea Realm podcast a few weeks ago,

00:39:43

and that’s Nat

00:39:44

Blutter. Nat is an ethnobotanist, and I’ll put up a link to his work on cross-cultural medical ethnobotany with the program notes for this podcast.

00:40:04

questions on that same program notes blog that you can find at psychedelicsalon.org.

00:40:10

That way I can answer some of the more frequently asked questions in a place where they might reach others who are thinking about the same thing. And so this weekend I’ll add Nat’s comments about the

00:40:15

fairy dream flower, and I’ve also got a few more questions about ayahuasca that I’ll try to answer

00:40:20

in the notes from the Psychedelic Salon blog, which is the official name of the site.

00:40:26

You’ll find it at psychedelicsalon.org.

00:40:29

Now, getting back to the email Nat sent,

00:40:32

it appears that an earlier email he sent didn’t get through my rat’s nest of spam filters,

00:40:37

and I missed the fact that he was going to be speaking at the Ayahuasca Monologues lecture

00:40:42

in New York City with Daniel Pinchbeck and others.

00:40:45

But the good news is that it’s now available online.

00:40:49

And I just checked the link that Nat sent,

00:40:52

and it took me to a very interesting-looking list

00:40:54

of a whole series of Ayahuasca monologues.

00:40:57

And each one appears to be available in online video.

00:41:01

So I’ll post that link with the program notes for this podcast,

00:41:04

but I’d better warn

00:41:06

you that this looks like one of those

00:41:07

websites that’ll suck you in for a while.

00:41:10

And as soon as I get this podcast

00:41:12

posted, that’s where I’m heading.

00:41:13

So, Matt, thanks for the information, and

00:41:16

thanks for being here with us in the salon.

00:41:18

Before I go, I

00:41:20

want to once again thank our fellow

00:41:21

saloners, Terry, Corey, Patricia,

00:41:24

I think you go by the name Patty, actually,

00:41:26

and Adam,

00:41:27

all of whom sent in donations to the

00:41:30

Psychedelic Salon in the past couple of weeks.

00:41:32

I really appreciate it, you guys,

00:41:34

and thanks for everything.

00:41:36

Also, I want to mention

00:41:38

that this and all of the podcasts

00:41:39

from the Psychedelic Salon are

00:41:41

protected under the Creative Commons Attribution

00:41:44

Non-Commercial ShareLike 2.5 License.

00:41:47

And if you have any questions about that, you can click on the Creative Commons link at the bottom of the Psychedelic Salon webpage.

00:41:54

And for any questions, comments, complaints, or suggestions that you might have,

00:41:57

well, just send them to Lorenzo at MatrixMasters.com.

00:42:03

Thanks again to my friends at Chateau Hayouk

00:42:05

for the use of your music here in the salon,

00:42:07

and also a big thank you to you

00:42:09

for being here with us again

00:42:11

here in the psychedelic salon.

00:42:14

So for now, this is Lorenzo,

00:42:15

signing off from cyberdelic space.

00:42:18

Be well, my friends. Thank you.